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Background. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, most hospitals have faced a heavy load of pa-tients. In this situation, it is very important to consider the resilience and endurance of medical staff, as well as to identify and investi-gate the relevant factors which can increase their resilience.Objectives. The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the resilience of hospital medical staff during the COVID-19 pan-demic.Material and methods. The present study is a qualitative study using a semi-structured interview. Participants included doctors, nurs-es, clinicians and managers working in tertiary referral hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interviews were conducted as needed until data saturation was reached using the purposive sampling method. A total number of 20 people, including 6 physicians, 2 hospital managers, 7 nurses, 1 radiologist, 3 laboratory technicians and 1 clinical psychologist, were interviewed in 7 educational hospitals of the Kerman Province.Results. After data analysis and coding, 127 initial codes were identified. By reviewing the codes, 127 initial codes were merged by the research team, and 23 codes in 6 main categories, including Personal Factors (7 codes), Family-Related Factors (2 codes), Community -Related Factors (2 codes), Virus-Related Factors (2 codes), Organisational Factors (7 codes) and Economical Factors (3 codes) were extracted.Conclusions. Paying attention to the identified factors on the maintenance of medical human resources in the form of the "Surge Capacity Programme" can increase the resilience of medical staff. Such measures pave the way for a better response to other threats similar to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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The World Health Organization, defines health literacy as cognitive and social skills increasing the motivation and ability of individuals to acquire information to promote and maintain their health (Tugut et al., 2021). Nowadays, food literacy, as a subset of health literacy are receiving serious attention worldwide (Vamos et al., 2021). Food literacy has been defined as a vital element in improving food insecurity and increasing food knowledge and skills with the aim of improving healthy eating behavior, which leads to reducing food hygiene inequalities (Steils and Obaidalahe, 2020). © 2023, Journal of Nutrition and Food Security. All Rights Reserved.
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Background and purpose: Violet is a plant that has received interest in complementary medicine due to its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antimicrobial effects. Fever is one of the major symptoms of COVID-19. This study was conducted to determine the effect of violet extract in the form of syrup on fever in patients with COVID-19. Materials and methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 52 patients with COVID-19 were studied in Intensive Care Unit in Amol Imam Khomeini Hospital (2021). In intervention group in addition to an injection of acetaminophen, 5 cc of violet extract syrup prepared from the aqueous extract of the plant was taken. The temperature was recorded after 30 and 60 minutes and four hours. The follow-up of the patients continued for three days and the temperature was recorded every six hours. Results: There was a significant difference between the intervention group (36.84..0.37) and control group (37.13..0.62) in mean temperature at second time in second day of follow-up (P=0.04). Also, the mean temperature was found to be significantly different between the two groups at 30 (P=0.001) and 60 minutes (P=0.05) after the intervention. At other groups, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of violet plant in the form of syrup reduces fever in patients with COVID-19 causing no complication. Due to the ease of access to this herbal product, it can be used to prevent problems caused by fever.
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Background and purpose: Violet is a plant that has received interest in complementary medicine due to its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antimicrobial effects. Fever is one of the major symptoms of COVID-19. This study was conducted to determine the effect of violet extract in the form of syrup on fever in patients with COVID-19. Material(s) and Method(s): In this randomized clinical trial, 52 patients with COVID-19 were studied in Intensive Care Unit in Amol Imam Khomeini Hospital (2021). In intervention group in addition to an injection of acetaminophen, 5 cc of violet extract syrup prepared from the aqueous extract of the plant was taken. The temperature was recorded after 30 and 60 minutes and four hours. The follow-up of the patients continued for three days and the temperature was recorded every six hours. Result(s): There was a significant difference between the intervention group (36.84+/-0.37) and control group (37.13+/-0.62) in mean temperature at second time in second day of follow-up (P=0.04). Also, the mean temperature was found to be significantly different between the two groups at 30 (P=0.001) and 60 minutes (P=0.05) after the intervention. At other groups, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups. Conclusion(s): The aqueous extract of violet plant in the form of syrup reduces fever in patients with COVID-19 causing no complication. Due to the ease of access to this herbal product, it can be used to prevent problems caused by fever.Copyright © 2023, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
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Background and purpose: Violet is a plant that has received interest in complementary medicine due to its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antimicrobial effects. Fever is one of the major symptoms of COVID-19. This study was conducted to determine the effect of violet extract in the form of syrup on fever in patients with COVID-19. Materials and methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 52 patients with COVID-19 were studied in Intensive Care Unit in Amol Imam Khomeini Hospital (2021). In intervention group in addition to an injection of acetaminophen, 5 cc of violet extract syrup prepared from the aqueous extract of the plant was taken. The temperature was recorded after 30 and 60 minutes and four hours. The follow-up of the patients continued for three days and the temperature was recorded every six hours. Results: There was a significant difference between the intervention group (36.84±0.37) and control group (37.13±0.62) in mean temperature at second time in second day of follow-up (P=0.04). Also, the mean temperature was found to be significantly different between the two groups at 30 (P=0.001) and 60 minutes (P=0.05) after the intervention. At other groups, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of violet plant in the form of syrup reduces fever in patients with COVID-19 causing no complication. Due to the ease of access to this herbal product, it can be used to prevent problems caused by fever.
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Background and purpose: Violet is a plant that has received interest in complementary medicine due to its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antimicrobial effects. Fever is one of the major symptoms of COVID-19. This study was conducted to determine the effect of violet extract in the form of syrup on fever in patients with COVID-19. Materials and methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 52 patients with COVID-19 were studied in Intensive Care Unit in Amol Imam Khomeini Hospital (2021). In intervention group in addition to an injection of acetaminophen, 5 cc of violet extract syrup prepared from the aqueous extract of the plant was taken. The temperature was recorded after 30 and 60 minutes and four hours. The follow-up of the patients continued for three days and the temperature was recorded every six hours. Results: There was a significant difference between the intervention group (36.84±0.37) and control group (37.13±0.62) in mean temperature at second time in second day of follow-up (P=0.04). Also, the mean temperature was found to be significantly different between the two groups at 30 (P=0.001) and 60 minutes (P=0.05) after the intervention. At other groups, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of violet plant in the form of syrup reduces fever in patients with COVID-19 causing no complication. Due to the ease of access to this herbal product, it can be used to prevent problems caused by fever. © 2023, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
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Background and purpose: Violet is a plant that has received interest in complementary medicine due to its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antimicrobial effects. Fever is one of the major symptoms of COVID-19. This study was conducted to determine the effect of violet extract in the form of syrup on fever in patients with COVID-19. Material(s) and Method(s): In this randomized clinical trial, 52 patients with COVID-19 were studied in Intensive Care Unit in Amol Imam Khomeini Hospital (2021). In intervention group in addition to an injection of acetaminophen, 5 cc of violet extract syrup prepared from the aqueous extract of the plant was taken. The temperature was recorded after 30 and 60 minutes and four hours. The follow-up of the patients continued for three days and the temperature was recorded every six hours. Result(s): There was a significant difference between the intervention group (36.84+/-0.37) and control group (37.13+/-0.62) in mean temperature at second time in second day of follow-up (P=0.04). Also, the mean temperature was found to be significantly different between the two groups at 30 (P=0.001) and 60 minutes (P=0.05) after the intervention. At other groups, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups. Conclusion(s): The aqueous extract of violet plant in the form of syrup reduces fever in patients with COVID-19 causing no complication. Due to the ease of access to this herbal product, it can be used to prevent problems caused by fever. Copyright © 2023, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
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INTRODUCTION: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affects the mental health of the general popu-lation, especially cancer patients. Cancer patients due to lower immunity encountered an increasing risk of severe CO-VID-19 infection. This mechanism results in high stress, anxiety, depression and social isolation that increases the risk of develop mental disorders. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science from 1st December 2019 to 1st December 2020 based on PRISMA guidelines. Articles were selected based on the predetermined eligibility criteria. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: From 553 studies, 14 articles were included in the review. Stress, anxiety, depression, and mental distress were more common psychological problems in cancer patients during the pandemic in the UK, USA, China, Poland, Malaysia, India, Turkey, and Italy. CONCLUSIONS: During the pandemic, the most important predictors of developing mental health problems in cancer patients were female gender, social distancing, cancer stage, overall perceived health, delays in care, and other health problems. Because of the relationship between mental health and strong immune system, countries must take steps to help the mental health of cancer patients during the pandemic.
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This report describes Pakistan's progress towards polio eradication during January 2020-July 2021 and updates previous reports. In 2020, Pakistan reported 84 wild polio virus 1 (WPV1) cases,a 43% reduction from 2019. As of 25 August 2020, Pakistan had reported only one case of WPV1. Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) has emerged as a result of attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) virus regaining neurovirulence after prolonged circulation in under-immunized populations;this can result in paralysis. In Pakistan, 22 cases of cVDPV type 2(cVDPV2) were reported in 2019, 135 cases were reported in 2020, and 8 cases have been reported in 2021 to date. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, planned supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) were suspended during mid-March-June 2020;however, 7 SIAs were implemented during July 2020-July 2021 with a nonsubstantial decrease in SIA quality. Improving the quality of polio SIAs, vaccinating immigrants from Afghanistan and implementing changes to enhance programme accountability and performance would help the Pakistan polio programme achieve its goal of interrupting WPV1 transmission by the end of 2022.
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Introduction: Coronavirus Disease in 2019 (COVID-19) is globally a major factor in the mortality of patients. Hence, there is an immediate requirement to recognise the mortality predictors in the COVID-19 patients. Aim: To identify the clinical features and risk factors for the mortality of adult patients suffering from COVID-19 in Sirjan, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, all demographic, clinical, laboratory data of COVID-19 patients who were admitted to hospitals of Sirjan city was collected from July to October 2020 and data was analysed in November 2020. In this period, 269 patients with COVID-19 were admitted. The findings based on the considered parameters of patients in the hospital was recorded;Univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods were applied to find the risk factors due to in hospital death. Results: Out of 269 patients, 39 patients (14.5%) died in the hospital and the rest were discharged. A total of 152 (56.5%) patients had co-morbidity. Hypertension (HTN) was the most common underlying disease 71 (26.4%), followed by Diabetes Mellitus (DM) 55 (20.4%), cardiac disease, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD). The most common symptom was dyspnea 207 (77%), coughing and fever. The most common findings in the chest Computed Tomography (CT) scan of patients was ground-glass opacity with a frequency of 150 among 188 patients (79.8%) in patients with the abnormal CT scan. Multivariable regression indicated the increased odds of in hospital death associated with COPD (OR=3.20, 95% CI 1.02–10.04;p=0.046), arterial saturation of oxygen ≤93% (OR=5.70, 95% CL 2.42–13.40;p<0.001), and leukocytosis (OR=7.26, 95% CL, 3.02-17.49, p<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, COPD, arterial saturation of oxygen (≤93%), and leukocytosis were risk factors for the hospital mortality of COVID-19. It might be proper for the initial determination of patients who may need life saving interventions.
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Background and purpose: Hospitals have a significant role in crisis management in every society. This study intended to assess the awareness and prepardness of nursing staff during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in selected hospitals affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 2020. The participants included 142 nurses selected via census sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire.
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Background and purpose: Hospitals have a significant role in crisis management in every society. This study intended to assess the awareness and prepardness of nursing staff during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in selected hospitals affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 2020. The participants included 142 nurses selected via census sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Results: Nurses demonstrated a satisfactory level of knowledge about preventive measures and protective behaviors for disease transmission from patients with suspected COVID-19 (73%) as well as Coronavirus diagnostic tests (38.8%). Nurses were rated poorly in attending hospital training programs (66%), being prepared for the Coronavirus outbreak (44%), self-confidence in providing care to suspected patients (50%), and satisfaction with personal protective equipment and supplies (37%). Conclusion: The study showed low levels of awareness and prepardness in some areas related to management of the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can significantly affect mental health among healthcare providers, particularly nurses in the frontline (FL) and the second line (SL) of care delivery to afflicted patients. Objective: This study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among FL and SL nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted in June-September 2020. Participants were 146 FL nurses and 206 SL nurses who were in direct contact with COVID-19 patients in two hospitals in Sirjan, Iran. They were recruited to the study through a census. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Data analysis was done through the Shapiro-Wilk, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, and independent-sample t tests. Results: The mean scores of depression, anxiety, and stress were, respectively, 15.87 +/- 4.32, 8.35 +/- 4.74, and 13.4 +/- 4.39 among FL nurses and 9.91 +/- 5.96, 6.91 +/- 5.48, and 7.38 +/- 3.95 among SL nurses. The between-group differences regarding these mean scores were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Depression, anxiety, and stress are highly prevalent among both FL and SL nurses who provide care to patients with COVID-19. Psychological support and education about stress management strategies for nurses can help them manage their depression, anxiety, and stress.
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In this article, a stochastic model is introduced to describe the spread of corona-virus with considering several disease compartments related to different age groups. The pre-sented model is based on observing safety protocols, such as quarantine and mask use, by people at different ages. In order to simulate the natural randomness, some white noises are added to five main parameters of the proposed model. Moreover, the existence and uniqueness of the solution for this stochastic model are proved. Finally, some numerical results are outlined by using the famous Euler method to investigate the effect of safety protocols on the prevalence of COVID-19.
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This paper is associated to investigate a stochastic SEIAQHR model for transmission of Coronavirus disease 2019 that is a recent great crisis in numerous societies. This stochastic pandemic model is established due to several safety protocols, for instance social-distancing, mask and quarantine. Three white noises are added to three of the main parameters of the system to represent the impact of randomness in the environment on the considered model. Also, the unique solvability of the presented stochastic model is proved. Moreover, a collocation approach based on the Legendre polynomials is presented to obtain the numerical solution of this system. Finally, some simulations are provided to survey the obtained results of this pandemic model and to identify the theoretical findings.
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In this study, we propose a mathematical model about the spread of novel coronavirus. This model is a system of fractional order differential equations in Caputo's sense. The aim is to explain the virus transmission and to investigate the impact of quarantine on decreasing the prevalence rate of the virus in the environment. The unique solvability of the presented COVID-19 model is proved. Also, the equilibrium points and the reproduction number of the proposed model are discussed in two cases with and without considering the quarantine factor. Using the Adams-Bashforth-Moulton predictor-corrector method, some numerical simulations are implemented to survey the behavior of the considered model.